The Role of Corporate Governance and Company Specific Characteristics on Environmental Disclosure Practices in India

Received: 26th September 2021 | Review: 17th April 2022 | Accepted: 3rd September 2022

http://doi.org/10.53908/NMMR.300404

Volume 30, Issue-4, July 2022

Abstract

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of corporate governance factors and company specific characteristics of environmental disclosure in a developing country, namely, India.

Design / Methodology/ Approach-A static and GMM-based dynamic panel data regression analysis is used to measure the ecological practices by considering the sample size of 100 non-financial listed companies taken from the National Stock Exchange between 2010 to 2021.

Findings-Using two-step dynamic panel data GMM-based estimation, the study finds that governance factors like board size and board meetings are showing a positive effect on disclosure practices. whereas, in the case of an independent director a negative influence can be seen. But in the case of the squared term of independent director, there remains a positive effect on environmental activities. However, in the case of company specific characteristics firm age and the debt-equity ratio are positively influencing environmental activities where as firm size is found to influence negatively on disclosure practices.

Originality/value-This study improves the mounting literature on the association between corporate governance factors, company specific characteristics, and environmental practices from an emerging economy standpoint. Specifically, the study inspects the dynamism and endogeneity effect along with the non-linear effect of different independent factors on environmental disclosure.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Company Specific Characteristics, EnvironmentalDisclosure, Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.

Download View

Reference

Abdul Rahman, R., & Alsayegh, M.F. (2021). Determinants of corporate environment, social and governance (ESG) reporting among Asian firms. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), p. 167.https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040167

Agyemang, A. O., Yusheng, K., Ayamba, E. C., Twum, A. K., Chengpeng, Z., & Shaibu,
(2020). Impact of board characteristics on environmental disclosures for listed mining companies in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(17), 21188– 21201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08599-2

Ajibolade, S.O & Uwuigbe, U. (2013). Effects of Corporate Governance on Corporate Social and Environmental: Disclosure among Listed Firms in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2(5), 76-92.

Akbas, H. E. (2016). The relationship between board characteristics and environmental disclosure: Evidence from Turkish listed companies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1515/jeb-2016-0007

Akhtaruddin, M. (2005). Corporate mandatory disclosure practices in Bangladesh. the international journal of accounting, 40(4), 399-422.https://doi.org/10.1016/j. intacc.2005.09.007

Akhtaruddin, M., Hossain, M. A., Hossain, M., & Yao, L. (2009). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure in corporate annual reports of Malaysian listed firms. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, 7(1), 1-19.

Al Amosh, H.A. (2021). The Role of Governance Attributes in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices Evidence from Jordan. In Research Anthology on Developing Socially Responsible Businesses, 1229-1253.

Al Amosh, H., Khatib, S. F., & Hussainey, K. (2022). The Financial Determinants of Integrated Reporting Disclosure by Jordanian Companies. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(9), 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15090375

Al-Dmour, A.H., Abbod, M., & Al Qadi, N.S. (2018). The impact of the quality of financial reporting on nonfinancial business performance and the role of organizations demographic’ attributes (type, size and experience). Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 22(1), 1-18. https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15768

Alhazaimeh, A., Palaniappan, R., & Almsafir, M. (2014). The impact of corporate governance and ownership structure on voluntary disclosure in annual reports among listed Jordanian companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2014.03.686

Alkayed, H., & Omar, B.F. (2022). Determinants of the extent and quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure in the industrial and services sectors: the case of Jordan. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi. org/10.1108/JFRA-05-2021-0133

Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies,58(2), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968.

Ayu, I. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Tipe Industri Dan Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Environmental Disclosure. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(3), 2362–2391.

Bell, E., Bryman, A., & Harley, B. (2018). Business research methods. Oxford university press.

Bueno, G., Marcon, R., Pruner-da-Silva, A., & Ribeirete, F. (2018). The role of the board in voluntary disclosure. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 18(5), 809-838. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2021-0449

Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of econometrics, 87(1), 115-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304- 4076(98)00009-8

Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253. doi. org/10.2307/2297111

Buniamin, S., Alrazi, B., Johari, N.H, & AbdRahman, N.R. (2011). Corporate Governace Practices and Environmental reporting of Companies in Malaysia: Finding Possibilities of double Thumbs Up. Jurnal Pengurusan 32, 55-71.

Chakroun, R., Matoussi, H., & Mbirki, S. (2017). Determinants of CSR disclosure of Tunisian listed banks: a multi support analysis. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(3), 552-584.

Chang, Y.K., Oh, W.-Y., Park, J.H., & Jang, M.G. (2017). Exploring the Relationship Between Board Characteristics and CSR: Empirical Evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 140, 225–242https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2651-z

De Villiers, C., & Van Staden, C. J. (2010). Shareholders’ requirements for corporate environmental disclosures: Across country comparison. The British Accounting Review, 42(4), 227-240.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2010.08.002

 

De Villiers, C., Naiker, V., & Van Staden, C. J. (2011). The effect of board characteristics on firm environmental performance. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1636-1663.https://doi. org/10.1177/0149206311411506

Dienes, D., & Velte, P. (2016). The impact of supervisory board composition on CSR reporting.

 

Evidence from the German two-tier system. Sustainability, 8(1), 63.

 

Ezekwesili, T. P., & Ezejiofor, R. A. (2022). Firm characteristics and environmental performance: a study of listed conglomerates in Nigeria. Innovations, (68), 69.

Ezhilarasi, G., &Kabra, K. C. (2017). The impact of corporate governance attributes on environmental disclosures: Evidence from India. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(2), 24-43.DOI: 10.1177/0974686217701464

García‐Sánchez, I. M., & Martínez‐Ferrero, J. (2018). How do independent directors behave with respect to sustainability disclosure?. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 609-627.https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1481

Gerged, A. M. (2021). Factors affecting corporate environmental disclosure in emerging markets: The role of corporate governance structures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 609-629.https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2642

Githaiga, P.N., & Kosgei, J.K. (2022). Board characteristics and sustainability reporting. A case of listed firms in East Africa. Corporate Governance, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of- print. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2021-0449

Grewal, R., Cote, J. A., & Baumgartner, H. (2004). Multicollinearity and measurement error in structural equation models: Implications for theory testing. Marketing Science, 23(4), 519– 529. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1040.0070

Hasnan, S., Razali, M. H. M., & Hussain, A. R. M. (2020). The effect of corporate governance and firm-specific characteristics on the incidence of financial restatement. Journal of Financial Crime.28(1), 244-267.https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2020-0103

Hassan, A., Elmer, A.A., Fletcher, M., & Sobhan, N. (2020). Voluntary assurance of sustainability reporting: evidence from an emerging economy. Accounting Research Journal, 33(2), 391-410.

Hassanein, A., & Kokel, A. (2022). Corporate cash hoarding and corporate governance mechanisms: evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 29(3), 831-848. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2019.1617753

Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica. Journal of the Econometric Society,46(6), 1251-1271. doi.org/10.2307/1913827

Hossain, M. A., & Taylor, P. J. (1998). Extent of disclosure in corporate annual reports in developing countries: A comparative study of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In A paper presented to the Cardiff School Business School Conference in Financial Reporting.

Hu, M., & Loh, L. (2018). Board governance and sustainability disclosure: a cross-sectional study of Singapore listed companies. Sustainability, 10(7), 2578.

Issa, A., & Zaid, M.A.A. (2021). Boardroom gender diversity and corporate environmental

performance: a multi-theoretical perspective in the MENA region. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 29(4), 603-630. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJAIM-05-2021-0101

Jaggi, B., & Freedman, M. (1992). An examination of the impact of pollution performance on economic and market performance: pulp and paper firms. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 19(5), 697-713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1992.tb00652.x

Jahid, M.A., Rashid, M.H.U., Hossain, S.Z., Haryono, S., & Jatmoko, B. (2020). Impact of corporate governance mechanisms on corporate social responsibility disclosure of publicly- listed banks in Bangladesh. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 61-71.

Jensen, M.C., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.

Jizi, M. (2017). The influence of board composition on sustainable development disclosure. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 640-655.https://doi.org/10.1002/ bse.1943

Jizi, M.I., Salama, A., Dixon, R., & Stratling, R. (2014). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from the US banking sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(4), 601-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1929-2

Kakabadse, A. P. (2007). Being responsible: Boards are reexamining the bottom line. Leadership in Action. A Publication of the Center for Creative Leadership and Jossey- Bass, 27(1), 3-6. doi.org/10.1002/lia.1191

Kansal, M., Joshi, M., & Batra, G.S. (2014). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosures: evidence from India. Advances in Accounting, 30(1), 217-229.

Kumar, K., Kumari, R., Poonia, A., &Kumar, R. (2021). Factors influencing corporate sustainability disclosure practices: empirical evidence from Indian National Stock Exchange. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of- print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2021-0023

Kilincarslan, E., Elmagrhi, M. H., & Li, Z. (2020). Impact of governance structures on environmental disclosures in the Middle East and Africa. Corporate Governance:The international journal of business in society, 20(4), 739-763.https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08- 2019-0250

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lipton, M., & Lorsch, J.W. (1992). A modest proposal for improved corporate governance. The Business Lawyer, 48(1), 59-77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40687360

Madhani, P. M. (2014). Corporate governance and disclosure practices of Indian firms: An industry perspective. The IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 13(2), 27-41. https://ssrn. com/abstract=2457722

 

Mahadeo, J.D., Oogarah-Hanuman, V., & Soobaroyen, T. (2011). Changes in social and environmental reporting practices in an emerging economy (2004-2007): exploring the relevance of stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Accounting Forum, 35(3), 158-175. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2011.06.005

Mgbame, C.O. & Onoyase, O.J. (2015). The Effect of Corporate Governance on the Extent of Environmental Reporting in the Nigerian Oil Industry. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(10), 203-210.

Morris, R. D. (1987). Signalling, agency theory and accounting policy choice. Accounting and business Research, 18(69), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1987.9729347

Muda, I., Maulana, W., Sakti Siregar, H., & Indra, N. (2018). The analysis of effects of good corporate governance on earnings management in Indonesia with panel data approach. Iranian Economic Review, 22(2), 599-625. https:// doi.org/10.22059/IER.2018.66169

Muttakin, M.B., Khan, A., & Mihret, D.G. (2016). The effect of board capital and CEO power on corporate social responsibility disclosures. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3105-y

Muttakin, M. B., Khan, A., & Mihret, D. G. (2018). The effect of board capital and CEO power on corporate social responsibility disclosures. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 41- 56.doi: 10.1007/s10551-016-3105-y

Nadeem, M., Gyapong, E., & Ahmed, A. (2020). Board gender diversity and environmental, social, and economic value creation: Does family ownership matter? Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1268–1284. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2432

Nadeem, M. (2021). Corporate Governance and Supplemental Environmental Projects: A Restorative Justice Approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 173, 261–280. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10551-020-04561-x

Naseer, M., & Rashid, K. (2018). The Relationship between Environmental Reporting and Corporate Governance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Abbottabad, Pakistan: IntechOpen.

Nuber, C., & Velte, P. (2021). Board gender diversity and carbon emissions: European evidence on curvilinear relationships and critical mass. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1958-1992.https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2727

Nursimloo, S., Ramdhony, D., & Mooneeapen, O. (2020). Influence of board characteristics on TBL reporting. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(5), 765-780.

 

 

Odoemelam, N. & Okafor, R.G. (2018). The Influence of Corporate Governance on Environmental Disclosure of Listed Nonfinancial Firms in Nigeria. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management, 2(1), 25-49. http://unpas.id/index.php/ijsam

 

 

Olanrewaju Issa, S., Yunusa PhD, N., & Mahmoud Hamman, A. (2021). BOARD MECHANISMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE QUALITY OF LISTED OIL

AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA. Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(2), 17. https:// journals.gujaf.com.ng/index.php/gujaf/article/view/65

Olowokure, O.A., Tanko, M., & Nyor, T. (2016). Firm structural characteristics and financial reporting quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Business Research, 9(1), 106-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n1p106

Onyali, C.I. & Okafor, T.G. (2018). Firm Attributes and Corporate Environmental Performance: Evidence from Quoted Industrial Firms on Nigerian Stock Exchange. Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management (SJEBM), 5(9), 854-863. doi:10.21276/ sjebm.2018.5.9.6

Owusu-Ansah, S. (1998). The impact of corporate attributes on the extent of mandatory disclosure and reporting by the listing companies in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Accounting, 33(5), 605 – 631. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7063(98)90015-2

Parker, L.D. (2005). Social and environmental accountability research: A view from the commentary box. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 18(6), 842-860. https:// doi.org/10.1108/09513570510627739

Ribeiro, M. D. S., Santos, E. S., Fregonesi, M. S. F. D. A., & Cunha, L. M. D. S. (2022). ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE LEVEL: A FIRMS’PROACTIVE OR DEFENSIVE

POSTURE?. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 62.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034- 759020220311x

Rini, R. K., & Adhariani, D. (2021). Does Financial Performance Drive Environmental Disclosure and Environmental Cost? Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 16(2), 317-331. 10.24843/JIAB. 2021.v16.i02.p09

Saini, N., & Singhania, M. (2019). Performance relevance of environmental and social disclosures: The role of foreign ownership. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(6), 1845-1873. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2018-0114

Salehi, M., & Rezanzezhad, H. (2019). Empirical study on the effective factors of social responsibility disclosure of Iranian companies. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 28(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-06-2018-0028

Singhvi, S. S., & Desai, H. B. (1971). An empirical analysis of the quality of corporate financial disclosure. The Accounting Review, 46(1), 129-138.https://www.jstor.org/stable/243894

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tabachnick, B.G.,& Fidell, L.S. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics, 3rd edition., HarperCollins, New York, NY.

Tilling, M.V., & Tilt, C.A. (2010). The edge of legitimacy: Voluntary social and environmental reporting in Rothmans’ 1956‐1999 annual reports. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability

 

Journal, 23(1), 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571011010600

 

Ting, P. H. (2021). Do large firms just talk corporate social responsibility? -The evidence from CSR report disclosure. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101476.https://doi.org/10.1016/j. frl.2020.101476

T.F. Abuhijleh, S., & A.A. Zaid, M. (2022). Do political connections shape the nexus between board attributes and corporate cash holdings?. Euro Med Journal of Business, Vol. ahead-of- print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-09-2021-0136

Van Hoang, T. H., Przychodzen, W., Przychodzen, J., & Segbotangni, E. A. (2021). ‘Environmental transparency and performance: Does the corporate governance matter?. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 10, 100-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indic.2021.100123

Vig, S., & Datta, M. (2021). The impact of corporate governance on sustainable value creation: A case of selected Indian firms. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 1-19. https:// doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1923337

Wooldridge, J.M. (2010) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press, London.

Yahaya, K. A., Bamigbade, D., & Ajiboye, G. O. (2022). The Effect of Corporate Governance on Environmental Disclosure by Listed Nigerian Consumer Goods Firms. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 11(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.14710/jab.v11i1.41599

Yang, A.S., &Baasandorj, S. (2017). Exploring CSR and financial performance of full-service and lowcost air carriers. Financ. Res. Lett. 23, 291–299.

Zaid, M.A., Wang, M., Adib, M., Sahyouni, A. & Abuhijleh, S.T. (2020b). Boardroom nationality and gender diversity: implications for corporate sustainability performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 251, 119652.